Inula helenium
Tall, stately perennial with large leaves and big yellow daisy-like flowers, grown for its thick aromatic root.
Eleutherococcus senticosus
Spiny deciduous shrub; root is the medicinal part, distinct from true Panax ginseng.
Euphrasia officinalis
A small, semi-parasitic annual wildflower with tiny white flowers streaked with purple and a yellow throat, growing low in grasslands…
Trigonella foenum-graecum
An annual legume with clover-like leaves and small, angular yellow-brown seeds, one of the oldest cultivated spice and medicinal plants.
Tanacetum parthenium
Bushy perennial with small daisy-like flowers and yellow-green, feathery, strongly-scented leaves.
Gentiana lutea
A tall alpine perennial with smooth oval leaves and clusters of bright yellow star-shaped flowers, prized for its thick, intensely…
Panax ginseng
A slow-growing woodland perennial with a distinctive forked, humanlike taproot, palmate leaves, and small red berries, cultivated primarily for its…
Hydrastis canadensis
Low woodland perennial with a single large lobed leaf and small greenish flower, prized for its bright yellow root.
Centella asiatica
A small, ground-hugging perennial with fan-shaped leaves, native to wetlands and low-lying areas throughout tropical Asia. Not related to the…
Paullinia cupana
A climbing shrub native to the Amazon basin, valued for its seeds, which contain one of the highest natural concentrations…
Crataegus laevigata
Small thorny tree or shrub with white spring flowers and red berries in fall.
Humulus lupulus
A vigorous perennial climbing vine best known for its papery, cone-shaped female flowers (strobiles), which carry the aromatic, bitter compounds…
Marrubium vulgare
Woolly-leaved perennial with a distinctive musky scent and small white flowers in tight whorls.
Aesculus hippocastanum
A large ornamental shade tree with palmate leaves, upright clusters of white flowers in spring, and glossy brown seeds encased…
Armoracia rusticana
A hardy perennial root vegetable in the mustard family, valued for its intensely pungent root, which releases sharp, sinus-clearing compounds…
Equisetum arvense
An ancient, non-flowering perennial fern relative with hollow, jointed, bamboo-like stems that are notably rich in silica, giving them a…
Hyssopus officinalis
A semi-woody perennial in the mint family with narrow, aromatic leaves and spikes of small blue-purple flowers, historically significant in…
Impatiens capensis
A tender annual wildflower with translucent, watery stems and distinctive orange, spotted, trumpet-shaped flowers that dangle like jewels, followed by…
Juniperus communis
An evergreen shrub or small tree whose blue-black, aromatic berry-like cones are used as a culinary spice (most familiar as…
Pueraria montana var. lobata
A fast-growing, vigorous climbing vine with a long history of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine, notorious in North America as…
Aloysia citrodora
Deciduous shrub with narrow, intensely lemon-scented leaves.
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Perennial legume with a long sweet root, the source of natural licorice flavor.
Hericium erinaceus
Distinctive white, shaggy mushroom with long cascading spines rather than gills, resembling a waterfall or a lion's mane.
Lepidium meyenii
A low-growing biennial in the cabbage/broccoli family, cultivated for its turnip-like root, which ranges from cream to reddish-purple depending on…
Grifola frondosa
A large, ruffled, fan-shaped mushroom that grows in overlapping clusters at the base of trees, resembling a hen's feathers —…
Origanum majorana
A tender perennial herb closely related to oregano, with a milder, sweeter, more delicate flavor than its more pungent cousin.
Althaea officinalis
Tall perennial with soft velvety leaves and pale pink flowers; root is mucilage-rich.
Filipendula ulmaria
Tall perennial with feathery leaves and dense, fragrant creamy-white flower clusters with an almond-like scent.
Moringa oleifera
A fast-growing tree valued primarily for its nutrient-dense leaves, which are the only part of the plant documented on this…
Leonurus cardiaca
Tall perennial mint-family plant with jagged, deeply lobed leaves and small pink-purple flowers along the stem.
Artemisia vulgaris
A tall, aromatic perennial with deeply lobed leaves — dark green on top, silvery and downy underneath — and inconspicuous…
Commiphora myrrha
A thorny, scrubby tree that yields an aromatic resin when its bark is wounded — the resin hardens into reddish-brown…
Azadirachta indica
A fast-growing evergreen tree with fine, feathery, dark green compound leaves and small white fragrant flowers, prized throughout South Asia…
Avena sativa
The green, unripe, milky-stage seed heads and straw of the common oat plant.
Passiflora incarnata
Climbing vine with intricate purple-white flowers and edible fruit.
Mentha pulegium
Low, spreading mint-family perennial with small oval leaves and a strong minty scent, historically used as an insect repellent.
Plantago major
Common low-growing perennial weed with broad ribbed leaves — not related to the banana-family plantain.
Poria cocos
A mild-tasting fungus that grows on the roots of pine trees, harvested as a hard, dense sclerotium — a compact…
Cucurbita pepo
The flat, oval, dark green seeds harvested from the fruit of the pumpkin vine, a sprawling annual with large lobed…
Rubus idaeus
Deciduous bramble grown for its fruit, with the leaf used separately in herbalism.
