Withania somnifera
Small woody shrub with yellow flowers and red berries; root is the medicinal part.
Calendula officinalis
Cheerful annual with bright orange-yellow daisy-like flowers.
Matricaria chamomilla
Low annual with small daisy-like flowers and an apple-sweet scent.
Cinnamomum verum
Tropical evergreen tree; the inner bark is dried into familiar cinnamon quills.
Taraxacum officinale
Familiar perennial weed with a deep taproot and yellow composite flowers.
Echinacea purpurea
Native prairie perennial with large purple-pink daisy-like flowers.
Sambucus nigra
Deciduous shrub with clusters of white flowers followed by dark purple berries.
Foeniculum vulgare
Tall aromatic perennial with feathery leaves and yellow flower umbels; seeds are the medicinal part.
Allium sativum
Bulbous perennial grown as an annual for its pungent cloves.
Zingiber officinale
Tropical perennial grown for its aromatic underground rhizome.
Ginkgo biloba
Ancient deciduous tree with distinctive fan-shaped leaves.
Hibiscus sabdariffa
Tropical/subtropical shrub grown for its tart red calyces.
Ocimum tenuiflorum
Aromatic annual/perennial basil relative, sacred in Ayurvedic tradition.
Lavandula angustifolia
Woody perennial shrub with narrow gray-green leaves and purple flower spikes.
Melissa officinalis
Bushy mint-family perennial with lemon-scented leaves.
Silybum marianum
Tall thistle with distinctive white-veined leaves and purple flower heads; seeds are the medicinal part.
Urtica dioica
Perennial with serrated leaves covered in stinging hairs; hairs are neutralized by drying or cooking.
Origanum vulgare
Bushy perennial herb with small aromatic leaves, closely related to marjoram.
Mentha × piperita
Vigorous hybrid mint with square stems and cooling-scented leaves.
Rosa damascena
Fragrant flowering shrub cultivated for centuries for its petals and essential oil.
Salvia rosmarinus
Woody evergreen shrub with needle-like, highly aromatic leaves.
Salvia officinalis
Woody perennial with soft gray-green, textured leaves.
Mentha spicata
Milder mint with bright green, crinkled leaves.
Thymus vulgaris
Low woody perennial with tiny aromatic leaves and small purple flowers.
Curcuma longa
Tropical perennial related to ginger, grown for its bright orange rhizome.
Agrimonia eupatoria
A tall, slender perennial with small yellow flower spikes and burr-like seed heads that cling to clothing, common along hedgerows…
Medicago sativa
A leguminous perennial forage crop with clover-like trifoliate leaves and small purple flowers, deep-rooted enough to draw minerals from well…
Pimenta dioica
The dried, unripe berry of a tropical tree, named for its flavor which resembles a combination of cinnamon, clove, and…
Aloe vera
A succulent with thick, fleshy, serrated leaves arranged in a rosette, storing a clear mucilaginous gel beneath a bitter yellow…
Phyllanthus emblica
A small deciduous tree bearing sour, vitamin-C-rich green fruit, one of the most revered fruits in Ayurvedic tradition.
Angelica archangelica
Tall, statuesque biennial or short-lived perennial with large celery-like leaves and rounded umbels of small greenish-white flowers.
Pimpinella anisum
Annual herb related to fennel and caraway, grown for its licorice-scented seeds.
Arnica montana
A perennial alpine plant in the daisy family with large, daisy-like yellow-orange flower heads atop a low rosette of hairy,…
Cynara cardunculus
The bitter leaves of the globe artichoke plant — a different part from the flower bud eaten as a vegetable…
Astragalus membranaceus
Perennial legume with a fibrous root, foundational in Traditional Chinese herbal practice.
Bacopa monnieri
A small, creeping perennial with succulent, oblong leaves and pale purple or white flowers, native to wet, marshy ground.
Vaccinium myrtillus
A low-growing shrub related to blueberry, native to European moorlands and forests, bearing small dark purple-black berries.
Momordica charantia
A climbing vine in the gourd family bearing oblong, warty, deeply ridged green fruit that turns orange-yellow and splits open…
Actaea racemosa
Tall woodland perennial with dramatic white bottlebrush-like flower spikes.
Rubus fruticosus
The leaf of the common bramble, gathered separately from the well-known berry, with a long folk history as a mild…
