Herbs

Angelica

Angelica archangelica

Tall, statuesque biennial or short-lived perennial with large celery-like leaves and rounded umbels of small greenish-white flowers.

Spicy Sweet

Anise

Pimpinella anisum

Annual herb related to fennel and caraway, grown for its licorice-scented seeds.

Spicy Sweet

Ashwagandha

Withania somnifera

Small woody shrub with yellow flowers and red berries; root is the medicinal part.

Bitter Earthy

Astragalus

Astragalus membranaceus

Perennial legume with a fibrous root, foundational in Traditional Chinese herbal practice.

Earthy Sweet

Black Cohosh

Actaea racemosa

Tall woodland perennial with dramatic white bottlebrush-like flower spikes.

Astringent Bitter

Boneset

Eupatorium perfoliatum

Perennial wetland plant with paired leaves that appear to be pierced by the stem, and flat clusters of small white…

Bitter

Burdock Root

Arctium lappa

Large biennial with broad leaves and hooked burrs; root is the medicinal/culinary part.

Bitter Earthy

Calendula

Calendula officinalis

Cheerful annual with bright orange-yellow daisy-like flowers.

Bitter Earthy

Caraway

Carum carvi

Biennial herb with feathery leaves; seeds are the familiar rye-bread spice.

Earthy Spicy

Cardamom

Elettaria cardamomum

Tropical perennial in the ginger family; seed pods are the aromatic spice.

Spicy Sweet

Catnip

Nepeta cataria

Aromatic mint-family perennial, well known for its effect on cats but used differently in human herbalism.

Earthy Minty

Chaga

Inonotus obliquus

A dark, charcoal-like fungal growth (technically a sclerotium, not a typical mushroom cap) found on birch trees in cold climates.

Bitter Earthy

Chamomile

Matricaria chamomilla

Low annual with small daisy-like flowers and an apple-sweet scent.

Floral Sweet

Chickweed

Stellaria media

Low sprawling annual with small white star-shaped flowers, common in gardens.

Earthy Sweet

Cinnamon

Cinnamomum verum

Tropical evergreen tree; the inner bark is dried into familiar cinnamon quills.

Spicy Sweet

Cleavers

Galium aparine

Sprawling annual with tiny hooked hairs that let it cling to clothing and fur, small white flowers, and whorled leaves.

Earthy

Clove

Syzygium aromaticum

Tropical evergreen tree; cloves are the dried, unopened flower buds.

Spicy

Comfrey

Symphytum officinale

Large-leaved perennial with bristly hairs and clusters of purple-pink bell-shaped flowers.

Earthy

Dandelion

Taraxacum officinale

Familiar perennial weed with a deep taproot and yellow composite flowers.

Bitter

Devil’s Claw

Harpagophytum procumbens

Sprawling perennial with distinctive hooked, claw-like seed pods, native to the arid regions of southern Africa.

Bitter

Echinacea

Echinacea purpurea

Native prairie perennial with large purple-pink daisy-like flowers.

Bitter Earthy

Elderberry

Sambucus nigra

Deciduous shrub with clusters of white flowers followed by dark purple berries.

Sour Sweet

Elecampane

Inula helenium

Tall, stately perennial with large leaves and big yellow daisy-like flowers, grown for its thick aromatic root.

Bitter Pungent

Eleuthero

Eleutherococcus senticosus

Spiny deciduous shrub; root is the medicinal part, distinct from true Panax ginseng.

Bitter Earthy

Fennel

Foeniculum vulgare

Tall aromatic perennial with feathery leaves and yellow flower umbels; seeds are the medicinal part.

Spicy Sweet

Feverfew

Tanacetum parthenium

Bushy perennial with small daisy-like flowers and yellow-green, feathery, strongly-scented leaves.

Bitter

Garlic

Allium sativum

Bulbous perennial grown as an annual for its pungent cloves.

Pungent Spicy

Ginger

Zingiber officinale

Tropical perennial grown for its aromatic underground rhizome.

Spicy

Ginkgo

Ginkgo biloba

Ancient deciduous tree with distinctive fan-shaped leaves.

Bitter Earthy

Goldenseal

Hydrastis canadensis

Low woodland perennial with a single large lobed leaf and small greenish flower, prized for its bright yellow root.

Bitter

Hawthorn

Crataegus laevigata

Small thorny tree or shrub with white spring flowers and red berries in fall.

Sour Sweet

Hibiscus

Hibiscus sabdariffa

Tropical/subtropical shrub grown for its tart red calyces.

Sour Sweet

Holy Basil

Ocimum tenuiflorum

Aromatic annual/perennial basil relative, sacred in Ayurvedic tradition.

Spicy Sweet

Horehound

Marrubium vulgare

Woolly-leaved perennial with a distinctive musky scent and small white flowers in tight whorls.

Bitter

Lavender

Lavandula angustifolia

Woody perennial shrub with narrow gray-green leaves and purple flower spikes.

Floral

Lemon Balm

Melissa officinalis

Bushy mint-family perennial with lemon-scented leaves.

Citrus Sweet

Lemon Verbena

Aloysia citrodora

Deciduous shrub with narrow, intensely lemon-scented leaves.

Citrus Sweet

Licorice Root

Glycyrrhiza glabra

Perennial legume with a long sweet root, the source of natural licorice flavor.

Sweet

Lion’s Mane Mushroom

Hericium erinaceus

Distinctive white, shaggy mushroom with long cascading spines rather than gills, resembling a waterfall or a lion's mane.

Earthy Sweet

Marshmallow Root

Althaea officinalis

Tall perennial with soft velvety leaves and pale pink flowers; root is mucilage-rich.

Earthy Sweet